Ad Injections
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Ad injection is a problem for both publishers and advertisers. Because ad injections are only seen by the visitor and not the site owner, combating them is difficult. However, there are ways the ad industry can fight back.
Ad injections are unauthorized advertisements that are injected into web pages with the intention to get users to click on them. Users who click on the injected ads are usually redirected to other sites before eventually reaching their target page.
Ad injections have been a challenge for website owners since the late 2000s, and even the Google Chrome web store has been unable to control their widespread growth. Up to 20% of your website users could be impacted by unwanted browser extensions, ad injections and malware that alter their user experience and damage your conversion rates, online revenue and brand reputation. In recent years, ad injection companies have started ad networks to cash in on unsuspecting users who click on deceptive ads. This can create a vicious cycle with users unknowingly installing more malware and adware that will inject even more unwanted ads. Ad injections are growing in sophistication, with triggers that inject ads only on specific e-commerce websites or only when a user performs a specific operation. User clicks generate big amounts of fraudulent ad revenue, so the ad injection problem is unlikely to subside anytime soon.
Because ad injections are only seen by the visitor, not by the site owner, combating them is difficult. There are some websites that attempt to limit the impact of injected ads using Content Security Policies (CSP). But the effectiveness of this is limited since CSPs are a moving target and require constant updating and monitoring.
PerimeterX Page Defender preserves the intended online shopper experience by blocking unwanted ad injections. Eliminating these pop ups and injected ads means you can prevent your site visitors from getting redirected to competitors, hide unauthorized content from being shown on your site and reduce fraudulent affiliate fees. With Page Defender, you improve the user experience, protect your brand reputation and improve your conversion rates. Even if your website is a content-driven, non e-commerce website, this has great relevance. Websites such as these frequently monetize only on ad revenue and if a certain percentage of those ads are being hijacked and altered, then this directly impacts business outcomes and results in ad fraud.
Furthermore, Song et al.[9] investigated the dose effects of AD-MSC combined with repeated injections in cartilage volume. Their phase I/II clinical trials consisted of 18 patients suffering from knee OA who received injections of AD-MSCs. In phase I, patients were divided into 3 groups receiving either low-dose (1 x 107), mid-dose (2 x 107) or high-dose (5 x 107) injections of MSCs. In the phase II, the third injection was provided at the discretion of patients. The MRI revealed an increase in cartilage volume to a higher degree after the third injection compared with that of the first two injections within the same interval from injection to follow-up time point. In addition, a study conducted on 30 symptomatic patients with knee OA, divided into two treatment groups received intra-articular AD-MSCs consisting of either a single or two injections, has revealed an improvement in cartilage or no progression in cartilage loss with stabilization of OA in 89% of patients in the two-injection group. By comparison, in one-injection group, 30% of the patients had further cartilage loss and 50% had progression of osteophyte formation[10].
In the study of Song et al., it was revealed that AD-MSC therapy was associated with clinically significant improvement in pain and function in symptomatic knee OA[9]. No differences were found between the two treatment groups (one or two-injections), with two-injections not showing any superiority on treatment[10]. In contrast, the SF-36 score demonstrated a tendency of reduction after the three inections during the whole follow-up, with the high-dose group exhibited more significant effects on pain relief and the improvement of knee function[9]. As a result, it is not clear whether two-injections can be more effective in the treatment of knee OA with AD-MSCs application.
While no one knows for sure when the first ad injection software was created, one thing is clear: a boom in this industry has begun around late 2012. Ad injections were certainly around before, as shown in 2008 study Detecting In-Flight Page Changes with Web Tripwires.
Background: Epidural injections have been used since 1901 in managing low back pain and sciatica. Spinal pain, disability, health, and economic impact continue to increase, despite numerous modalities of interventions available in managing chronic spinal pain. Thus far, systematic reviews performed to assess the efficacy of epidural injections in managing chronic spinal pain have yielded conflicting results.
Results: A total of 52 trials met inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was not feasible. The evidence in managing lumbar disc herniation or radiculitis is Level II for long-term improvement either with caudal, interlaminar, or transforaminal epidural injections with no significant difference among the approaches. The evidence is Level II for long-term management of cervical disc herniation with interlaminar epidural injections. The evidence is Level II to III in managing thoracic disc herniation with an interlaminar approach. The evidence is Level II for caudal and lumbar interlaminar epidural injections with Level III evidence for lumbar transforaminal epidural injections for lumbar spinal stenosis. The evidence is Level III for cervical spinal stenosis management with an interlaminar approach. The evidence is Level II for axial or discogenic pain without facet arthropathy or disc herniation treated with caudal or lumbar interlaminar injections in the lumbar region; whereas it is Level III in the cervical region treated with cervical interlaminar epidural injections. The evidence for post lumbar surgery syndrome is Level II with caudal epidural injections and for post cervical surgery syndrome it is Level III with cervical interlaminar epidural injections.
Conclusion: This systematic review, with an assessment of the quality of manuscripts and outcome parameters, shows the efficacy of epidural injections in managing a multitude of chronic spinal conditions.
There are many software that comes bundled with browser extensions, or add-ons that facilitate ad injections. Once these extensions are embedded in your browser, they inject multiple ads on various web pages. Clicking on these ads could end up in a user installing malware. This could combine with the existing software and downloads, all this because users are unable to distinguish between malware-infected and legit ads.
It is not possible to point a finger at a single party for ad injections and the issues surrounding it. There are many software firms that monetize their offerings by bundling them with ad injector software. There are many publishers who purposely install ad injections plug-ins on their site, so more ads are displayed on their pages. Automatic selling and buying or digital inventory, i.e programmatic ad buying, reduces the transparency. The ad system is a web of publishers, networks, exchanges, and more, creating many chances for people to push unwanted ads via injections, with advertisers not even noticing the problem till it is too late.
Ad injections have been a pain point for website owners since the late 2000s. Even the Google Chrome web store is unable to contain its rapid growth. Around 20% of site users could be harmed by unwanted browser extensions, ad injections, and malware that can alter user experience and damage conversion rates, revenue, and consequently brand reputation.
In short, ad injections cause erosion of customer brand trust and goodwill, deplete revenue from ad pavements, and cause a website to load slowly. They also lead to blocked content and damaged conversion rates.
In conclusion, ad injections are harmful to both publishers and advertisers. As ad injections are only seen by site visitors and not owners, fighting them is tough. However, there are ways the ad industry is combating this. Some sites are looking to curb the effect of injected ads, by implementing Content Security Policies (CSP). Publishers and advertisers would do well to choose transparent ad services. As the former grow more aware, ad injection may just be manageable!
Knowledge is power and knowing the types of ad injections that are occurring is a crucial component in the fight against ad injection fraud. Currently, there are three types of ad injection schemes advertisers (and consumers, too) need to be aware of. 59ce067264
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