Surgeon Simulator: Experience Reality Free Download [License]
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Study Intervention: Participants were randomized in 2 groups. Group A (VR, n = 10) underwent a training session for laparoscopic knot tying. The training session took place in a VR environment. The environment included a virtual box trainer, consisting of a console, an endoscopic camera, and computer hardware. The training consisted of an objective task to be completed in 10 defined steps in the VR environment. In the first step of the learning session, the trainee was introduced to the VR environment. The trainee was instructed to approach the box trainer from the beginning and learn how to maneuver within the environment, which was accomplished by watching the guide on the screen. The following steps provided information about the different parts of the box trainer and introduced the trainee to the different tools. The final step was the knotting task, where the trainee was instructed to tie a knot to the box trainer. To check successful completion of the objective task, the box trainer displayed a green spot on the screen, and the trainee received feedback about the quality of the knot and the positioning of the knot in the box trainer. After successfully completing the objective task, the trainee was exposed to a nondominant scenario of a real live task. The trainee was instructed to then simulate a real clinical situation, where he had to tie a knot in a patient’s abdominal wall in an emergency situation. After each knotting, he had to give a feedback on the quality of the knot. If the knot was not accepted by the patient, the trainee had to tie a second knot, one after another until the knot was accepted by the patient. At the end, the simulation was stopped if either the trainee or the patient decided to stop the training. Group B (traditional, n = 9) underwent a training session for laparoscopic knot tying in a box trainer.
Background: Anterior skull base (ASB) lesions are a challenge for the maxillofacial surgeon because they often require extensive tumor resection and reconstruction of complex bony and soft tissue defects. Anterior skull base reconstruction requires extensive training in the anatomy and surgical nuances of the skull base. Currently, there is no surgical training simulation for junior surgeons to practice skull base procedures in a safe, controlled environment.
Methods: The surgical training simulator includes a virtual patient model, multiple surgical instruments (eg, drills and micro-saw), and a workbench. The virtual patient model is based on actual computed tomography (CT) scans of the pediatric head; thus, it represents a true-to-life patient. The instruments and workbench were developed based on our experience in actual skull base procedures for patients and cadaveric specimens. The patient-specific virtual patient was developed by rendering multiple CT scans of pediatric patients into a three-dimensional (3-D) virtual head model. A single virtual workbench and multiple instruments were designed to allow the user to perform surgical procedures on the virtual patient. 827ec27edc